TB Diagnosis: Real Time PCR

What is PCR?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) PCR is a laboratory method used for making a very large number of copies of short sections of DNA from a very small sample of genetic material. This process is called "amplifying" the DNA and it enables specific genes of interest to be detected or measured.

What is Real Time PCR?

Real-time PCR can detect the amplification of products, as the products are synthesized. The real-time PCR uses a florescent dye system and thermocycler equipped with fluorescent- detection capability.

What is Diffrence Between Conventional PCR and Real Time PCR?

Conventional PCR is more time consuming as it uses gel electrophoresis to analyze the amplified PCR products Where Real-time PCR uses fluorescent dye system and less time consuming as it can detect early phases of the reaction.
Real-time PCR is more sensitive than conventional PCR
Conventional PCR has very poor resolution while real-time PCR can detect very little changes due to the high resolution
Unlike conventional PCR, automated detection techniques are found in real-time PCR
Unlike real-time PCR, conventional PCR cannot differentiate between dead and live bacteria

Features of Real Time PCR for TB Diagnosis:

1. Sensitive Technique: Highly sensitive technique & can detect as few as 1-2 mycobacteria in specimen.

2. Early Diagnosis: Found to be useful in diagnosing early disease as well as confirming diagnosis in clinically suspected cases.

3. Validated for PTB & EPTB: Most useful test for diagnosis of paucibacillary form of pulmonary or extra pulmonary or extra pulmonary infections by MTC.

4. Highly Efficient: Differentiate between typical & atypical mycobacteria (MTC & MOTT).

References:
1. www.jkscience.org vol.11 No. 1 January-March 2009
2. Indian J Med Res 134, July 2011, pp 40-46
3. Journal of south Asian federation of obstetrics and gynecology, Jan-April vol.11 No. 1
4. https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/features/methods/start/5
5. http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-pcr-and-vs-real-time-pcr/

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